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Core Principle of Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis (BPED) The core of BPED technology lies in the combination of electric field, selective membrane technology, and the unique water-splitting capability of bipolar membranes. 1. Driving Effect of DC Electric FieldUnder a DC electric field, ions migrate directionally: cations move toward the cathode, while anions move toward the anode. 2. Membrane Functions Bipolar Membrane (BPM): Splits water ( H2​O ) into H+ and OH− ions under the electric field, providing a source for acid and base production. Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM): Selectively allows cations to pass through. Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM): Selectively allows anions to pass through. By arranging these membranes alternately, salts can be converted into corresponding acids and bases.

Core Principle of Electrodialysis The core of electrodialysis technology lies in the combination of electric field and selective membrane technology. Its specific principle is divided into two parts: Driving Effect of DC Electric Field and Concentration GradientUnder the action of a DC electric field or concentration gradient, anions and cations in the solution move directionally: cations migrate toward the negative electrode, while anions migrate toward the positive electrode; solutes move from high-concentration solutions to low-concentration ones. Selective Sieving Effect of Ion Exchange MembranesTwo types of ion exchange membranes are used in the system to achieve ion separation: Cation Exchange Membrane: Only allows cations (e.g., Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) to pass through, while blocking anions. Anion Exchange Membrane: Only allows anions (e.g., Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻) to pass through, while blocking cations.